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~ Coccidiosis Infestations ~

Discussion in 'Health & Nutrition' started by Your Worst Nightmare, May 7, 2004.

  1. Christy

    Christy Big Dog

    I use this in my weekly kennel cleaning...I sprinkle it in the kennels then spray a bleach water mixture and useing a pump sprayer to spray the whole kennel from top to bottom then use the pressure washer to wash out.
     
  2. Laced Wit Game

    Laced Wit Game Yard Boy

    Yo sait how much of thes sulmet do i add to water?
     
  3. When I use to raise German Shepherds. I gave Terramycin in the powder form to my pups in their drinking water. I raise chickens so I have it handy.
     
  4. Kelticwarrior

    Kelticwarrior Top Dog

    Coccidiosis is an intestinal disease that affects several different animal species including canines and humans. Coccidia is one of the most prevalent protozoal infections in North American animals, second only to giardia. Eimeria and Isospora are the two genera that are often referred to as "coccidia." These two genera contain a large number of species that infect a variety of animals throughout the world.
    The diseases caused by these microscopic protozoal parasites are referred to collectively as coccidiosis, and they vary tremendously in virulence.
    Some species cause diseases that result in mild symptoms that might go unnoticed (i.e., mild diarrhea) and eventually disappear, while other species cause highly virulent infections that are rapidly fatal. The causative agent is a protozoan that has the ability to multiply rapidly. The major damage is due to the rapid multiplication of the parasite in the intestinal wall, and the subsequent rupture of the cells of the intestinal lining. Several stages of multiplication occur before the final stage, the oocyst, is passed in the feces. Oocysts are extremely resistant to environmental stress and are difficult to completely remove from the environment. Oocysts are frequent contaminants of feed and water and when the sporulated oocysts are ingested by other animals they start the life cycle over in the new host.
    Life Cycle of Coccidia
    The life cycles of both genera of coccidia are similar. A host is infected when it ingests oocysts that have been passed in the feces of another host. The oocyst encysts in the host's small intestine, and the sporozoites contained within the oocyst are liberated. The sporozoites penetrate the cells of the host's small intestine and reproduce asexually. Each generation of asexual reproduction produces multiple merozoites; the merozoites are liberated from the cell and infect new cells. It is this stage of the infection that can result in destruction of massive numbers of cells in the host's small intestine and, ultimately, lead to the host's death. Some of the merozoites that enter the host's cells transform into gametocytes. The gametocytes transform into gametes, the gametes fuse, and the resulting zygote begins to develop into an oocyst. The developing oocyst escapes from the host's cell, and it is passed in the host's feces. Typically, when the oocyst is passed in the feces, it is not infective because it does not contain sporozoites; this is an unsporulated oocyst. After several days (or weeks, depending on the species) outside of the host's body, the oocyst completes development and sporozoites are found within; this is a sporulated oocyst, and it is infective to the next host (view diagram of the life cycle).
    Clinical Signs
    Clinical signs of coccidiosis usually are present or shortly following stress such as weather changes; weaning; overcrowding; long automobile or plane rides; relocation to a new home and new owners; and/or unsanitary conditions. Symptoms or signs of coccidiosis will depend on the state of the disease at the time of observation. In general, coccidiosis affects the intestinal tract and symptoms are associated with it. In mild cases, only a watery diarrhea may be present, and if blood is present in the feces, it is only in small amounts. Severely affected animals may have a thin, watery feces with considerable amounts of intestinal mucosa and blood. Straining usually is evident, rapid dehydration, weight loss and anorexia (off feed) also may be clinically visible. One of the most prevalent canine coccidia is S. tenella and during autopsies of dead animals appears as microscopic muscle cysts in the host animal. Oocysts in the feces of dogs are also microscopic in size and can only be positively identified through lab tests or direct observation under a microscope.
    "Nervous coccidiosis" is a nervous system condition associated with coccidial infection. Signs are consistent with central nervous system involvement, and include muscle tremors, convulsions and other central nervous system symptoms. A consistent sign in "nervous cocci" dogs is that stimulation of any type seems to trigger the symptoms.
    Death may follow the acute disease either directly or from secondary diseases such as pneumonia. Animals that survive for 10 to 14 days may recover, however, permanent damage may occur. Research has indicated that canines may experience reduced food consumption for up to 13 weeks following clinical infection. Diagnosis usually is obvious but confusion does exist – apparently normal animals can also have oocysts present in their feces. Diarrhea may be present in the animal before the oocysts can be found, therefore, a confirmed laboratory diagnosis may not always be possible. Laboratory findings should be correlated with clinical signs for a diagnosis.
    The susceptibility of animals to this disease varies. The ingestion of oocysts may not produce the disease; some animals constantly carry them without being affected. Recovered animals develop immunity and seem to be partially resistant to reinfection.
    Coccidiosis is frequently referred to as an opportunist – a disease that will develop when other stress factors are present. For example, the highest incidence of coccidiosis is in the first 21 days after a dog has changed owners and moved to a new residence. If a normal animal carries oocysts, it is relatively easy for rapid development when the conditions are right – adverse weather, shipping, dog food changes, new owners, new residence, and other stresses are important.
    In case of a confirmed outbreak of coccidiosis in a kennel full of dogs, the following steps should be started immediately: 1. Separate the sick animals from the healthy ones. 2. Treat sick animals with effective medications. 3. Medicate all the dogs in the kennel or home, as the other animals are likely infected.
    General Information
    General information on coccidiosis in canines:
    1. Coccidiosis is an opportunistic disease – it generally affects stressed animals. 2. Kennel conditions provide ideal circumstances for an outbreak. 3. In most confinement situations, prevention with sulfadimethoxine drug such as Albon® is recommended. 4. Mass treatment of all dogs in an entire kennel is usually the only effective method. 5. Sick animals should be treated as soon as possible and isolated from the healthy animals. 6. Have your veterinarian confirm positive diagnosis of the coccidia protozoa in your dog's feces through the use of lab tests or positive identification through direct observation under a microscope. How can I be sure my dog has Coccidia?
    Diagnosing coccidia is not easy. Diagnosis can be done in one of two ways: via fecal sample by a Vet or via educated evaluation of clinical findings by the breeder/owner or the Vet. Via fecal sample is not straightforward. Even when a flare is at it's worst, the oocysts may not be shedding in every single stool. Therefore, a negative report does not rule out coccidia. The most thorough way to assess is to collect a sample from every single stool produced for 48 to 72 hours and have a Vet examine it.
    How can infection be treated?
    Treatment of infected animals is required. Individual treatment should be used when possible, however, medications are available for entire kennel applications. The actual coccidiosis problem is critical and in addition, dehydration and loss of appetite must be treated. Drug selection should be handled with regards to the number of animals infected and the type of application. Sulfas and antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections are available for use. Treatment and prevention are most effective when started early. Most kennels need to segregate and medicate new dogs at the time of arrival. Kennel owners can also reduce exposure by reducing stress, such as overcrowding and poor sanitation.
    Infection may be treated using a sulfadimethoxine drug such as Albon®, Bactrovet®, or Tribrissen®. Data regarding acute and chronic toxicities of sulfadimethoxine indicate the drug is very safe. The LD50 in mice is greater than 2 g/kg of body weight when administered intraperitoneally and greater than 16 g/kg when administered orally. In dogs receiving massive single oral doses of 3.2 g/kg of body weight, diarrhea was the only adverse effect observed. Dogs given 160 mg/kg of body weight orally daily for 13 weeks showed no signs of toxicity. Treatment may be initiated by a Vet with an Albon Injection 40% (100-mL multiple-dose vials) to obtain effective blood levels almost immediately or to facilitate treatment of the fractious animal. With the Albon Injection 40%, each mL contains 400 mg sulfadimethoxine compounded with 20% propylene glycol, 1% benzyl alcohol, 0.1 mg disodium edetate, 1 mg sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and pH adjusted with sodium hydroxide. Albon is also available in liquid form: Albon Oral Suspension 5%: 2- and 16-oz bottles; each tsp (5 mL) contains 250 mg sulfadimethoxine in a custard-flavored carrier. Length of treatment with any sulfadimethoxine drug depends on the clinical response. In most cases treatment for 5 days is adequate. Treatment should be continued until the animal is asymptomatic for at least 48 hours.
    The cost to effectively keep coccidiosis infestations out of your dogs may be entirely too much if you take your dog(s) to a Veterinarian. As already stated, a Vet will charge you for an office visit plus the cost of canine dosage sulfadimethoxine pills (Tablets-125 mg, 250 mg, and 500 mg), Albon Injection 40%, and/or Albon Oral Suspension 5%. The cost for the Veterinarian treatments along with the cost of the office visits will add up to a lot of money per year, especially if you have more than one dog. Once again, I want to remind everyone that I am not a Veterinarian, but rather a long time dog owner. I'll tell you what I use and do, you can use your own judgment whether you want to follow in my footsteps. This article is presented only as a documentation of how I treat coccidiosis infestations in the dogs that I own at a fraction of the cost that a Veterinarian will charge you.
    What I do is buy the Sulfadimethoxine 12 1/2% solution (generic Albon) from a Vet Supply without a prescription and for a lot less money. Active ingredients: Each fluid ounce contains 3.75 grams Sulfadimethoxine solubilized with sodium hydroxide. I buy the one-gallon size jug of the generic brand of Albon which is the Sulfadimethoxine 12 1/2% solution for $40.75 (accurate price as of 04/20/2008) per gallon. Order a gallon jug of either the Sulfadimethoxine (generic Albon) or the name brand Albon today.
    Dyne High Calorie Supplement
    This gallon jug of liquid Sulfadimethoxine is enough antibiotic to medicate a huge kennel full of DOGS for several months or even years. If you have more than one dog to treat with the Sulfadimethoxine drug for a coccidiosis outbreak, I highly recommend you follow in my footsteps and buy and use the gallon size jug of this medication as well as another product described below and then you can make your own 5% Albon solution just like you get from the Vet.
    I also purchase a gallon jug of Dyne High Calorie Supplement, which is a liquid nutritional supplement, from a Vet Supply. I buy the one-gallon size jug for $33.50 each (accurate price as of 04/20/2008). Simply click on the picture of Dyne High Calorie Supplement to the right of this paragraph and order a gallon jug today. This product is formulated to provide a nutrient dense liquid diet with essential vitamins and has a high caloric value. This product expedites the rate of recovery of weak or sick animals. It also may be fed as is or diluted with milk for animals unable to eat solid foods.
    Then what I do next is I mix 5 ounces of Dyne High Calorie Supplement with 4 ounces of the Sulfadimethoxine 12 1/2% solution discussed above. This gives me a fairly palatable mixture of the 5% Albon (Rx) at a 85% or higher savings without the required prescription or the expense of a Vet office visit. I know many breeders that are paying $75 or more per pint for the 5% Albon (Rx) solution that they get from their Vet. This will give you approximately 2-gallons of the 5% Albon (RX) for only $75 rather than only 1-pint that a Vet will sell you for $75 -- you figure up the savings! Once you have this 5% Albon solution mix, each teaspoonful (5 mL) will contain 250 mg of Sulfadimethoxine. Dogs should receive 1 teaspoonful of this 5% Albon Oral Suspension mixture per 10 lb of body weight (25 mg/lb or 55 mg/kg) as an initial dose, followed by ½ teaspoonful per 10 lb of body weight (12.5 mg/lb or 27.5 mg/kg) every 24 hours thereafter. I recommend you give this treatment for a total of 10 days. The medication may be administered in food or water, given as a drench orally. I give each dog its own food and medicine in its own feed dish to make sure each dog is getting the proper amount of food and medicine or at least use it as a drench to be given orally to each dog/puppy. This Sulfadimethoxine 12 1/2% solution mixed with the Dyne High Calorie Supplement will save you hundreds of dollars a year. I urge all kennels to keep a gallon of each handy. This Sulfadimethoxine 5% solution mix has a wide margin for safety, is very easy to administer, and absolutely works miracles on getting rid of coccidiosis in your dogs. Since coccidiosis is so easily spread from one dog to the next, I highly recommend all dogs get a full treatment even if only one dog shows symptoms -- better to be safe than sorry.
    This is the treatment that I use in my kennel and you can also check out the article Giardiasis: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention to learn more about the other common protozoal infection called giardiasis. It is very unlikely to eliminate 100% of the coccidiosis infection in all dogs. Adaptations that may be made to try to improve the success rate of a treatment regime include extending the duration and dose of the treatment. Care must obviously be taken with this approach to make sure that an adequate safety margin is always maintained. Another approach is to retreat after an interval of one week of completion of the initial treatment. Alternatively, repeat fecal samples may be collected one week after the treatment and dogs which are still passing oocysts can be identified and treated. It should be recognized that, when treating a large number of dogs, there may still be one or two dogs that remain as carriers of infection that will act as a potential source for reintroducing the infection into your entire kennel.
    No matter which treatment you choose to utilize (Vet Rx or over-the-counter cattle drugs), the simple fact is that it may not kill all of the coccidia oocysts. A certain number of them can burrow into the lining of the intestines and go dormant. They can stay dormant for years. Due to the hard shell protecting the oocysts, it is almost impossible to kill them when they are encysted in the lining of the intestines. Therefore, during times of stress, the oocysts may re-activate and start to reproduce, causing another outbreak of coccidiosis in your kennel. The amount of stress needed to cause a flare seems to be highly variable with different dogs and dog breeds.
    Important Note: A healthy dog may have been infected years before and never have shown any symptoms (asymptomatic carrier). They may occasionally shed very low numbers of oocysts in stools--evaluating every stool (the WHOLE stool) for something like six months is supposed to be the conclusive way to rule out an asymptomatic carrier (someone did this with a couple dogs for a study). This would cost literally thousands of dollars! Not exactly a practical way to test. Coccidiosis and giardiasis are both very common protozoal infestations that have the exact same clinical symptoms; therefore, I recommend that both diseases get treated one right after the other: coccidiosis for 10 days and giardiasis for 5 days if using Metronidazole or 3 days if using Fenbendazole. Once again, I treat coccidiosis with Sulfadimethoxine (Albon), and giardiasis with Metronidazole (Flagyl) or Fenbendazole (Safe-Guard).
    How to eliminate coccidia from your kennel:-
    Once infection is present in a kennel, control may be approached in two ways:- 1. identification, isolation and treatment of infected dogs. 2. mass treatment of all dogs.
    Option 1 is only practical where a few dogs in a discrete area have been identified as being infected and where complete isolation is feasible, either within their own block or in a specific isolation block. Such isolation includes segregation of exercise areas and these animals should be fed and cleaned after all others on the premises, preferably using separate cleaning and feeding equipment and separate staff if possible. Treatment of all dogs should commence on the same day when option 2 is adopted.
    Thorough cleaning of all kennel areas where infected dogs have access is essential. Once organic debris has been removed, thorough disinfection will help to further reduce the level of environmental contamination and reduce the risk of dogs becoming re-infected after the completion of treatment. Disinfectants containing quaternary ammonium compounds have been found to kill Coccidia oocysts at the manufacturers' recommended dilutions (dilutions of one disinfectant up to 1:704 were found to be effective at both low and high environmental temperatures). I disinfect all my kennels twice per month by washing everything down with a mixture consisting of 8 ounces of Clorox bleach per gallon of water. Make sure you let it set at least 20 minutes, rinse thoroughly, and then let it get completely dry before letting your dogs use the kennels again. Important Note: The efficacy of killing is increased by prolonged contact time, therefore disinfectant solution should be left for 20 minutes to half an hour before being rinsed off kennel or run surfaces. Since disinfection of grass runs is impossible, such area should be regarded as contaminated for at least a month after infected dogs last had access.
    Introduction of new dogs into the infected area should be avoided until the period of treatment and fecal sample checking has been completed. It should not be overlooked that some of the infected dogs may continue to excrete low numbers of oocysts even after all treatments and examinations have been completed. It is therefore important that rigorous disinfection is maintained and a careful check is kept on the condition of all treated and introduced animals.
    The following are recommendations for eliminating coccidia from kennels and homes:
    treat all dogs with sulfadimethoxine for 10 days
    disinfect kennel areas, etc, with quaternary ammonium disinfectants which are effective in inactivating coccidia oocysts
    bathe dogs with shampoo to remove all fecal matter, rinse with water
    rinse dogs with quaternary ammonium disinfectants, then waterallow kennels to dry thoroughly for several day
    retreat with sulfadimethoxine for 7 days
    treat any new dogs with sulfadimethoxine (e.g. Albon) for 10 days even if they test negative for coccidia because it is so hard to detect in fecal tests
    How can infection be prevented?
    It is very difficult to prevent the entry of an infection that is known to be carried by a percentage of normal dogs into a kennel. However, an initial period of isolation for all new entrants into kennels, for perhaps ten days, would reduce the risk of an infected dog spreading a large number of oocysts around the main kennel area. All dogs could be observed and any infection present, which in the case case of coccidia might be exacerbated by the stress of entry in kennels, could be identified and treated before entry into the main kennels.
    Dogs should be prevented from access to foul water that may contain large numbers of oocysts (e.g.: river-flooded paddocks). Small numbers of oocysts may occasionally be present in the potable water supply but the risk of this being a major source of infection is small. It is best to use chlorinated water for your dogs drinking water as much as possible. If you are using non-chlorinated water from a well, lake, or stream, you need to chlorinate the water yourself. To chlorinate drinking water: Use only liquid bleach that contains 5.25% sodium hypochlorite as its only active ingredient - no soap. Use a scant 4 drops of Clorox bleach per quart of water or 2 teaspoons per 10 gallons. As an alternate method of purification, you can also boil all of your dog's drinking water. To make sure the water is completely bacteria free, you need to bring the water to a rapid boil for a minimum of five (5) minutes. Remember, Cool moist conditions favor the survival of the organism; therefore, simply by keeping everything clean, disinfected, and dry you will be getting a lot further toward exterminating this nasty little one-celled parasite.
    Remember, coccidiosis and giardiasis are both very common protozoal infestations that have the exact same clinical symptoms; therefore, I recommend that both protozoans get treated one right after the other: coccidia for 10 days and then giardia for 5 days if using Metronidazole or 3 days if using Fenbendazole. Once again, I treat coccidiosis with Sulfadimethoxine (Albon) and giardiasis with Metronidazole (Flagyl), which is my 1st choice, or Fenbendazole (Safe-Guard), which is my second choic
     
  5. STONEY

    STONEY Pup

    sulmet into your dogs drinking water very cheap and the dosage is listed on the bottle for birds .
     
  6. Forever-So REAL

    Forever-So REAL Quintuple Grand Champion

    Cryptosporidium, another Coccidian!

    might be old news to some might help others

    Cryptosporidium, another Coccidian!

    Coccidia * Target is changing!
    In the past, treating coccidia in dogs used to be somewhat routine. This type of coccidian has been sulfa responsive and easily managed effectively. In the last few years, veterinarians have been seeing small coccidian. This coccidian is so small it is difficult to see under a microscope! Veterinarians recognized this very tiny size may be something new and pursued a diagnosis from a state lab. The labs determined what they were seeing was Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium is from the coccidia family but it is not the same parasite!

    Clinical picture:
    Cryptosporidium is a particularly nasty type of coccidian. Crypto is resistant to the traditional coccidia medications and it tends to kill puppies while on coccidia prevention. Some feel we have done a great job of preventing coccidia but at the same time have created a void of no competition for Crypto to multiply. This is a viable theory in young animals.

    Puppies affected with Crypto exhibit most clinical issues just before moving to a new home. Clinical signs of badly infected puppies often have a neurological component along with drooling and acting not quite right. They do get diarrhea and it progresses very fast from normal to death. We know that 10 Crypto organisms can cause infection so the thousands of Cryptosporidium shed in feces is quite infective to litter mates.

    Diagnosis:
    Cryptosporidium can be seen under a high power microscope. These coccidia could be misdiagnosed because they look similar to normal coccidia except they are very tiny. Often veterinarians see lots of coccidia and stop there; this can be a mistake! We must recognize these tiny coccidian as Crypto and treat appropriately.

    The infected animal's feces can be sent to the lab to confirm. The lab will look at the genetic material using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), a tool frequently used to diagnose diseases by identifying its DNA, and gives you confirmation. PCR is wonderful as it gives no false positives. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, you will need to plug in appropriate treatment for Cryptosporidium prevention.

    Treatment:
    Drugs that work on coccidia do not have any effect on Crypto. Tylan powder 10 mg per pound twice a day (Plumb) is the treatment most used. Use Tylosin for 21 days to clear in adult stock. It can be put into a medicator for automatic water systems. Azithromycin 5 mg per pound twice a day for 7 days (Plumb) will get Cryptosporidium but not practical for every litter. Azithromycin is good as a treatment when first diagnosed to get ahead of the infection.

    Once Crypto has been confirmed, put Tylan powder (¼ tsp/gallon water) in the water for two weeks after weaning. It is best to block the nipple water and use bottles for the weaned babies. Bottles have always been a preference for small breed babies as it is easy to see how much they drink. You can medicate 10 mg per pound twice a day in food but you must be sure everyone gets their share! In tiny breeds, mixing Tylan powder in yogurt has been used effectively. This is great with a litter of three but difficult with a litter of eight.

    We've long known probiotics are helpful in treating Cryptosporidium. When selecting a probiotic, be sure it can pass through the stomach acid and enzymes or you will be disappointed with the results. Doc Roy*s® GI SYNBIOTICS and D.E.S. Health-Gard can pass the stomach's defenses to become active in the small intestine.

    Disinfectant:
    Crypto oocysts are resistant to most disinfectants. Trifectant and Oxine as well as exposure to extreme temperatures (32° F and below or 149° F and above) will decrease the number of Crypto oocysts on hard surfaces. It is nearly impossible to remove Crypto from the yard as most exposure comes from feces piles. Removal of the feces piles and extreme cold weather should decrease the risk.

    In diarrhea cases of unknown origin with litters of puppies we have used Tylan powder 10 mg per pound twice a day with success! Cryptosporidium was most likely the problem. Crypto can be positively diagnosed with PCR testing. Once you have your diagnosis, the right prevention will control the issue!
     
  7. Iron Mike

    Iron Mike CH Dog

    LOL we all know sulfa cures it but not a post on here for prevention or cleaning the area.
    BTW it comes most often from birds and often from the dog's water bowl but often pups get it from their mother.
    I was involved with a grant to MSU on this.
     
  8. Forever-So REAL

    Forever-So REAL Quintuple Grand Champion

    Managing Your Parasites!

    You can’t get rid of them so learn to manage them…
    Intestinal parasites have been around since dinosaurs and are not going away – you need to manage them. Parasites do not want to kill your kitten or puppy; they want to use them as a dinner plate. They do not mind dragging pets down, causing rough hair coats, or anemia! Managing your parasites is not about deworming more or with more products. It is about using the correct dewormer at the right time to get the biggest effect for our time and money.

    Upper GI:
    It helps to know the parasites we are targeting. Rounds and hooks are in the small intestine and adults are easy to get rid of as most dewormers are active in the small intestine.
    Roundworms are 18 inches long and look like spaghetti. If puppies or kittens are vomiting parasites, it is roundworms. If you have a lot of roundworms, they can be seen in the stool. Rounds are usually digested before they get through the intestinal track.
    Hookworms are tiny (½” long) and difficult to see without a microscope. They become a small cyst on the wall of the intestine sitting in a protected scar tissue egg. They come out of the “scar tissue egg” when they detect pregnancy, milking, or removal of adults from the gut tube.
    Both these parasites can migrate through tissue, especially the liver. They get back to the intestine by migrating to the lungs where they are coughed up and swallowed. Once back in the intestine, they complete the life cycle and reproduce.
    Parasites can play a role in the 8 week old puppy cough! Migrating stages are resistant to dewormer when out of the intestinal tube! Once you get rid of the adults in the intestine, the larvae can pop out of the tissue and set up in the intestine you just cleared.
    Both rounds and hooks can infect humans and must be managed out of our puppies and kittens before sending them to a new home!

    Lower GI:
    Tapes and whipworms are in the large intestine. They are about 30 feet down from the mouth so getting dewormer to stay active for that distance is difficult.
    Tapes are as different from other intestinal parasites as cats are from dogs! They mostly live on dog waste and can cause colitis and irritation of the rectal area. Treatment with praziquantel will eliminate adults.
    Egg packets are passed and look like rice in the feces or on the rectal area. These eggs have to mature in an intermediate host (fleas, mice, or birds) and once that host is eaten by the dog or cat they get tapeworms. If you prevent them from getting the intermediate host, you stop tapeworms!
    Whipworms are killed by few dewormers. Preventing re-infection is the key with whipworms that are directly infective. They will seed an exercise area down, mature, and another dog or cat will ingest them. Raised decks prevent the re-infections and break the lifecycle. New additions to our cattery or kennel need to be cleared of whipworms to prevent introduction.

    Other Problem Parasites:
    Giardia and coccidia are active throughout the intestine, but considered a small intestinal parasite.
    Both coccidia and giardia are tiny and are diarrhea causing opportunists. Something starts the diarrhea and they keep it going.
    Coccidia control involves keeping the numbers so low in the kennel that you rarely need to treat and prevention drugs are effective. Much the same is true of giardia.
    We try and get rid of giardia, but it always seems to be around so prevention is the key to control.
    Adults:
    Adults are the backbone of preventing parasites. The fewer parasites mom passes to the babies, the fewer we need to manage out of our babies. Males are dewormed twice a year and moms are dewormed before giving birth.

    Bitches and Queens:
    Parasites get active in late pregnancy when females are heavy pregnant and stressed. This is the time when moms can least resist parasites. Babies are born with sterile guts and moms seed their guts with good bacteria to assist with digestion. However, she can also seed them with parasites. Rounds, hooks, whips, coccidia, and giardia can all be given to the puppy in the nursing period. As the parasites take in the mother's nutrition, they'll also take in the dewormer - meaning we can kill them effectively. Mom may be the source of these parasites, but the parasites can be controlled. Fenbendazole is labeled for pregnant moms. It not only gets the worms, but it also kills giardia. By cleaning up the mother in late pregnancy, you can also solve the parasite issues for your puppies later!
    After 50 days gestation, deworm 3 days with Safeguard® or Panacur® C to remove as many parasites from mom before birth as possible.

    Coccidia Prevention:
    Coccidia prevention in dogs needs to be started before birth and continued to the weaned pups. Be cautious as many products are not safe in pregnant moms! You can never use sulfa between the 25th and 30th day of gestation as you increase cleft palate in dogs or cats. That is when the palate closes. (See the article about Coccidia and the article about Giardia.)
    Cocci Guard™ is added at 2 cups per 40 lbs of puppy food. Feed the last two weeks of pregnancy. This will decrease the number of coccidia transferred to babies. Decoquinate works by preventing coccidia from reproducing so they die of attrition (old age). Cocci-Guard™ is safe for pregnant dogs! Cocci-Guard™can be safely used through pre-pregnancy as well as post-pregnancy.
    Babies can go on Albon® or a generic after weaning for 7 days. Can use after 35 days pregnant!
    Marquis® (0.1 cc/lb) is used one week apart to treat and often given before shipping to prevent Coccidia while puppy is stressed from transporting and new home. OK to use late pregnancy!

    But coccidia prevention in cats is very different than dogs. Queens cannot have something added to food. Cats have a protective response to things that change texture or taste. They will eat small amounts for several days until they are comfortable. We cannot have that in late pregnancy. Metronidazole is also documented for causing cleft palates. You can use Albon® or Marquis® safely the last 14 days of gestation. Choose Albon® or Marquis® – you don’t need both!
    Albon®, 7 days before due date. Normal dose 25 mg/lb/sid (once daily).
    Or use Marquis® at 0.1 cc/1 lb before queening. The treatment for coccidia is two doses repeated in 7 days. We often use one dose before shipping kittens to a new home to prevent coccidia after placement.
    Mom before birth and babies with Marquis® and Safe-guard® at 7 and 9 weeks pretty much covers the gamut of parasites kittens take to new home.

    Newly Acquired Animals
    No matter what the history or age, assume they have parasites!
    Deworm immediately, repeat in 2 weeks and start on the above adult program.

    Parasites do not want to kill your kitten or puppy; they want to use them as a dinner plate! Your job is to manage dewormers to prevent that from happening.
     
  9. Forever-So REAL

    Forever-So REAL Quintuple Grand Champion

    Coccidia

    Dog Coccidia are parasites that are often misunderstood in dogs. After the first exposure, coccidia parasites are always present in the puppy's intestines, and they're just waiting to take advantage of any digestive upset. It is rarely the initial cause of the diarrhea, but once diarrhea starts, the coccidia will overgrow to large numbers to keep the diarrhea going. Coccidia are a major issue for puppies under 8 weeks old and can even kill them.

    Acquiring Coccidia:
    Puppies are born with a sterile gut, and their mother seeds their gut with good bacteria during cleaning and care. However, puppies can also get coccidia from their moms, so the goal is to keep the puppy's exposure to a minimum number. There are a variety of products you can use for both treatment and prevention, but prevention is most important for consistently healthy puppies.

    Treat vs Prevention:
    CocciGuard is an easy way to prevent coccidia - simply add it to your puppy's food. The mother should also be fed puppy food with Cocci Guard when you bring her to the whelping area two weeks before birth. This decreases the number of coccidia the mother can give to the puppies. When you wean the puppies onto Cocci Guard, it controls the issue until you move them to their new home.

    Amprolium (Corid®) can also be used as coccidia prevention. The flavor is terrible, so some people add raspberry or strawberry flavoring to help the taste, but no flavor works well. For small breeds, do not mix it with water, because they tend to get dehydrated from not drinking. The preferred way to use Amprolium is to drench the puppy daily - you know the dose is in and they will also drink adequate water.

    Marquis® is used to both prevent and treat coccidia. It works well and the once-a-week dose is easy to use. Marquis (ponazuril) will cause dry eye, so use caution in puppies under 6 weeks old - eye ulcers may develop in flat nosed breeds. Marquis lasts 7 days, and when it's given before shipment, it's very effective in stopping coccidia from overwhelming the puppy as they adjust to their new home.

    Sulfa drugs have long been used to treat coccidia and they're still effective prevention. However, Albon® has seen some resistance from years of use. The best way to monitor resistance is to track the complaints post sale and switch your preventative before issues arise. You can switch back to Albon after 6 months or a year of using another preventative. Sulfa-Trimeth is related to Albon and has been used as an alternative with excellent efficacy.

    Foreign Product - Australia:
    Baycox® by Bayer is a product we are often asked about. The bad news is that this drug is not available in the United States legally, but it is available in some other countries by prescription. The active ingredient, Toltrazuril is active inside the cell where coccidia reproduce. This means Baycox kills coccidia, while most treatments just prevent coccidia from reproducing. A study on puppies showed it to be very effective for eliminating coccidia from the puppy. Off label use for kittens in Germany showed no adverse effects, and it's also effective against Toxoplasmosis. Toltrazuril is closely related to ponazuril (Marquis®) and has no benefit to use Baycox over Marquis. Bayer has no plans currently to bring this product to the US.

    Coccidia are always present in the dog, but if you can prevent them from becoming an issue, you may never need to treat coccidia again!
     
  10. Forever-So REAL

    Forever-So REAL Quintuple Grand Champion

    Giardia

    Dog When it comes to Giardia in the kennel, the concern is less about treatment and more about the long term plan to manage it. Giardia is one of those parasites that always seem to be waiting for the perfect time to strike. In a kennel, this time is usually after weaning and right around the time the puppies get to their new home - both inconvenient times for a breeder.

    What is Giardia:
    Giardia is a tiny parasite, one-celled protozoa that is hard to diagnose. They can be difficult to see under the microscope and take a trained eye to identify them accurately. Screening tests are also available, such as SNAP® Giardia Test Kit. In these tests, the feces is mixed with the solution, placed in a well and then "snapped" down to start the test, which checks for a protein from the Giardia organism. Snap tests are useful as a piece of the puzzle, not as a definitive test. Though negative tests are true negatives, false positives are very common and may be deceiving. If you have a positive snap test and you're not sure if it's correct, send feces to the lab for more accurate diagnosis. Since a snap test can read positive for 3 weeks after Giardia is removed from the gut, don’t be too quick to call a treatment failure!

    Recommended Treatment:
    Metronidazole has traditionally been used to treat Giardia, but lately there has been resistance (60% effective). The current treatment of choice is Fenbendazole (Safeguard®) which is 96% effective when used 6 days in a row.

    Bathing is also important. Giardia oocysts are sticky and will stay on the hair coat, particularly the back legs and directly infective, meaning the dog passes them in the stool and can immediately re-infect themselves while grooming. Bathe the dog with Chlor 4 Shampoo on days 3 and 5 of treatment. The chlorhexidine will kill the oocyst. Giardia is sticky and will stay particularly on the back legs, so concentrate on the back half of the body. If you don’t bathe them, they can just re-infect themselves, making your treatment ineffective.

    Since Giardia is stubborn, contaminated kennels should be scrubbed and disinfected. Chlorhexidine disinfectant is effective against the spores at room temp and quaternary ammonia is effective at both room temp and colder. Caution here as quaternary ammonia is not safe around nursing babies - fading puppy/kitten syndrome!

    Long Term Control:
    Long-term control starts with the mother. When she is heavily pregnant, the stress will decrease her resistance to parasites. Using Fenbendazole three days in a row after day 50 of gestation is helpful in preventing the transfer of parasites including Giardia to babies. Use Fenbendazole 6 days with problem moms with previous litter Giardia issues!

    Bathing the mother before whelping is also helpful when fighting the problem. Alternatively, some breeders will clip the hair on the back legs and belly to remove the oocysts the mom carries on her hair. Either technique is effective. The goal is preventing transfer to babies!

    For puppies, deworm three days in a row with Safeguard® at 6 and 8 weeks of age for prevention. The 6 week prevention is crucial as that is the age Giardia sets up in the intestine with most Giardia diarrhea starting at 8-10 weeks. This way you eliminate any Giardia that have found their way into the baby before you deal with diarrhea.

    Resistant Giardia infections:
    The problem with routine Giardia prevention is we kill the susceptible Giardia leaving any resistant Giardia to reproduce. If dealing with resistance, traditional Giardia treatment has to be altered for a time. The resistant Giardia needs to be eliminated, if possible, to avoid spreading.

    If resistant Giardia is an issue, your veterinarian can prescribe Secnidazole – most Giardia issues clear with one dose. Ronidazole has also been shown to be effective against resistant Giardia in dogs. In addition to the drug treatment, bathing the dog with shampoo containing chlorhexidine is important to the efficacy of the treatment.

    Summary:
    With all parasites, you want to think long-term control. If you just treat the puppies without considering where the parasite is coming from, you'll eventually get resistance that overwhelms your medication. Every year you should have fewer and fewer parasite numbers in your kennel. Roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, coccidia and Giardia should all be accounted for in your preventative program. If babies don’t get Giardia, you don’t have to get them back out!
     
  11. Iron Mike

    Iron Mike CH Dog

    Holy shit some one Google an answer. To bad they full shit killing on the ground area.
    You be surprised how many people think bleach will kill coccidia.


    "Long Term Control:
    Long-term control starts with the mother. When she is heavily pregnant, the stress will decrease her resistance to parasites. Using Fenbendazole three days in a row after day 50 of gestation is helpful in preventing the transfer of parasites including Giardia to babies. Use Fenbendazole 6 days with problem moms with previous litter Giardia issues!"


    Where do you think this research came from? Panacur will not affect Giardia. To bad only half the treatment was told.
    Oh and those chemicals for treatment won't work neither.
    This Bull Shit is all to funny. Start to control your kennel over time? LMAO.
    I know how to cure these parasites and to kill everything on your yard at once for good.
    Only way it will get back into your dogs or yard is something brings it in.
    This is for all parasites....


    But your mentor or breeder should be able to tell you what I learn the hard way over the years. :)
     
  12. patjr

    patjr Top Dog

    What was the purpose of that lil bit if there's more to add. So c'mon Iron Mike surely the reason you mentioned anything was to educate the less knowledgeable so they don't have to do the hard yards you went through?....(teasing is what Miss Sexy does by flashing her knickers without having no intentions of dropping her panties to let ya have a good look but drip feeds you so ya keep looking to make her feel special lol)....so why stop there?.....it ain't information to get you in trouble but would be helpful to those with less experience....(pardon me if it comes across as somewhat disrespectful.)
     
  13. Vicki

    Vicki Administrator Staff Member

    Coccidia is a parasite that attacks the intestines of animals and humans. It often is a problem with dogs and cats. Since it is transmitted through fecal matter, a yard can become a breeding ground for coccidia. Removing fecal matter from the yard and then preventing your animals from using it for at least 30 days is recommended. If this is not possible, help treat and prevent reinfection by incorporating a few techniques that are known to kill coccidia and limit its spread.

    Instructions


    1 Wear rubber gloves and discard animal feces in your yard in sealed plastic bags.

    2 Clean pooper scoopers and yard tools with a mixture made from one part ammonia and nine parts water. Leave the ammonia on the tools for at least 20 minutes before rinsing them off.



    Spray the yard with the ammonia solution, paying special attention to where the feces were located. After 20 to 30 minutes, water the yard with 1 to 2 inches of water to flush the soil of ammonia so your grass is not harmed.

    Clean yard debris, such as wood and junk piles, to create an environment less conducive to rodents and bugs. They can pick up the disease, leave affected fecal matter and reinfect your animals with coccidia.

    Disinfectants containing high concentrations of ammonia can destroy oocysts, but harmful odors and the necessity of removing animals from runs or cages during treatment limit their use.

    Steam and pressure washing may help to dislodge feces from kennel and cage surfaces.
    Painting or sealing kennel floors will help prevent adherence of feces to these surfaces and will aid in cleaning.

    Treatment of all in-contact animals, including bitches and queens, may also be beneficial in controlling coccidiosis in kennels and catteries.

    Prevention of predation should be emphasized to prevent infection via paratenic hosts.
     
  14. Vicki

    Vicki Administrator Staff Member

    <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border=".5"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left;">Sulfadimethoxine</td><td style="text-align: left;"> 50-60 mg/kg daily for 5-20 days (D.C)</td></tr><tr class="even"><td> Sulfaguanidine</td><td> 150 or 200 mg/kg daily for 6 days (D,C); 100-200 mg/kg every 8 hours for 5 days (D,C)</td></tr><tr><td> Furazolidone</td><td> 8-20 mg/kg once or twice daily for 5 days (D,C)</td></tr><tr class="even"><td> Trimethoprim/Sulfonamide</td><td> Dose/length depends on sulfa; 30-60 mg/kg trimethoprim daily for 6 days in animals ≥ 4 kg; or 15-30 mg/kg trimethoprim for 6 days in animals ≤ 4 kg</td></tr><tr><td> Sulfadimethoxine/Ormetoprim</td><td> 55 mg/kg of sulfadimethoxine and 11 mg/kg of ormetaprim for 7-23 days (D)</td></tr><tr class="even"><td> Quinacrine</td><td> 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days (C)</td></tr><tr><td> Amprolium</td><td> 300 to 400 mg (total) for 5 days (D); 110-200 mg (total) daily for 7-12 days (D); 60-100 mg/kg (total) daily for 7 days (C); 1.5 tbsp (23 cc)/gal (sole water source) not to exceed 10 days (D)</td></tr><tr class="even"><td> Amprolium/Sulfadimethoxine</td><td> 150 mg/kg of amprolium and 25 mg/kg of sulfadimethoxine for 14 days (D)</td></tr><tr><td> Toltrazuril</td><td> 10-30 mg/kg daily for 1-3 days (D)</td></tr><tr class="even"><td> Diclazuril</td><td> 25 mg/kg daily for 1 day (C)</td></tr><tr><td> Ponazuril</td><td> 20 mg/kg daily for 1-3 days (D,C)</td></tr></tbody></table>
     

  15. Would it be better /safer to use the borax someone mentioned earlier or the ammonia to clean a yard
     
  16. If you want to kill the oocyst that's shed in the feces of the infected pups/dog buy some 20 Mule Team Borax......sprinkle it in the dogs area like a light dusting of snow, go over that with a hose sprayer and let it saturate down into the soil. It is the only chemical that will penetrate the hard shell casing and destroy any chance of reinfesting. Remove dog /pups before treatment and return back to area after it's dried up.
     
  17. wicked13

    wicked13 CH Dog

    How much corid powder do you ad to a five gallon bucket
     
  18. wicked13

    wicked13 CH Dog

    20% soluble I believe
     
  19. promoe

    promoe Top Dog

  20. wicked13

    wicked13 CH Dog

    I used 1 teaspoon per gallon . is it easy to overdose with corid
     

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